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What are the exceptions to the periodic trends in ionization energy? Why do they occur?

What are the exceptions to the periodic trends in ionization energy? Why do they occur?

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Answer #1

In general, ionization energy decreases in group and increases in period due to increase and decrease in the size respectively

However there are some exceptions due to the following factors

1) Nature of orbital or penetration power of orbitals

2) Screening effect

3) half filled and full filled orbitals

Example: In second period, the1st IE of Nitogen is greater than Oxygen due to stable half filled orbitals in nitrogen

The 1st IE of Boron is greater than Berylium due to presence of stable filled configuration and also more penetrating power of s- orbital in B

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