Question

Combustion produces oxides of nitrogen and oxides of sulfur, which can be oxidized to nitrate (NO₃^-) and sulfate (SO₄^2-) respectively in the atmosphere: the nitrate and sulfate subsequently may be deposited by both wet and dry processes. Cite and explain specific regional or global-scale problems, or potential problems, that may be exacerbated by increased levels of nitrate and sulfate deposition in precipitation.

Answer 1

Acid rain is caused by emissions of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide, which react with the water molecules in the atmosphere to produce acids.Both the lower pH and higher aluminium concentrations in surface water that occur as a result of acid rain can cause damage to fish and other aquatic animals.Soil biology and chemistry can be seriously damaged by acid rain.

NOx reacts with ammonia, moisture, and other compounds to form nitric acid and related particles. Human health concerns include effects on breathing and the respiratory system, damage to lung tissue, and premature death.

One member of the NOx, nitrous oxide, is a greenhouse gas. It accumulates in the atmosphere with other greenhouse gasses causing a gradual rise in the earth's temperature. This will lead to increased risks to human health, a rise in the sea level, and other adverse changes to plant and animal habitat.