Question

A common error in standardization is consistently over-titrating (adding too much base). How would this error affect the amount of CaCO3 calculate?

Answer 1

standardization is nothing but you are going to determine the unknown concetration of a base CaCO3 by titrating against known concentration of acid

If we overshot [over-titrating (adding too much base)] the endpoint which means we added too much CaCO3 which means the titre was larger and this means that the calculated concentration of acid will be higher than the actual concentration (overestimated).

If you look at the formula for calculating the acid, you multiply the molarity of the CaCO3 solution time the amount of CaCO3 you added. So if you overshoot, you add too much CaCO3 and thus increase the calculated amount of acid you were neutralizing with the CaCO3 .

M1V1 / n1 = M2V2/n2

So you are over estimating acid at the same time underestimating base. Your calculated amount of CaCO3 will be less.