PET (Possitron emission tomography) and NMR(Resonance magnetic nuclear) have been used for show roles for the amygdala in humans and other animals, including implicit emotional learning and memory, emotional modulation of memory, emotional influences on attention and perception, emotion and social behavior, and emotion inhibition and regulation.
Patients with focal lesions to the amygdala, in a classic fear conditioning paradigm, during which a neutral blue square is paired with an aversive shock to the wrist, patients with amygdala damage fail to show a normal physiological fear response to the blue square, even though they are able to report that the blue square predicted the shock.
In an fMRI experiment and its replication, we showed that scanned participants showed amygdala activation in response to samples obtained from donors undergoing an emotional, but not physical, stressor.
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