What is the difference between H2SO4 and H3O+ in acid catalyzed hydration reaction?
H3O+ means its aqueous solution of any acid. This acid protonate water. It could be HCl, H2SO4, HNO3,.
Then this aqueous solution is source of proton.
The common acid catalysts are sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid. They react with water to form hydronium ions, which is the strongest acid that can exist in aqueous solution.
H2SO4 is pure acid.
The acid used is often sulfuric acid, but any strong acid will usually work. Water, itself, is too weak an acid to transfer the proton to the alkene, so acid catalysis is essential.
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