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A mine produces a wastewater discharge of 701 m^3/d containing 11,945 mg/L of total dissolved solids...

A mine produces a wastewater discharge of 701 m^3/d containing 11,945 mg/L of total dissolved solids (TDS). This discharge is released into a freshwater stream with a flow of 16,867 m^3/d containing 222 mg/L TDS. The water discharge permit states that the water downstream from the discharge must not exceed a TDS concentration of 399 mg/L. The mine plans to use an ion exchange reactor to regulate the TDS. This technology removes TDS while allowing clean water to pass through, and the reaction follow first order kinetics. By recycling old equipment, the mine was able to build a plug flow reactor vessel with a volume of 3 m^3. What reaction rate, k (1/min) must the reaction have to meet the desired discharge concentration?

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