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Discuss ,with the aid of suitable examples,and diagrams,the importance of an acid catalyst in nucleophilic addition...

Discuss ,with the aid of suitable examples,and diagrams,the importance of an acid catalyst in nucleophilic addition reactions to aldehydes and ketones.Include curved arraw formalism in you explanation

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Answer #1

The nucleophile in a nucleophilic addition reaction on carbonyl compound attacks on the carbonly carbon.

Now, in case of strong nucleophiles like RMgX , RLi etc they directly attack on the carbonyl carbon, the alkoxide is protonated on work up with dilute acids.

However in case of weak nucleophile we need to activate the carbonyl bond by use of acid.

Weak nucleophile : ammonia and its derivative. water and alcohol

The mechanism in both the case will be:

a) strong nucleophile:

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