Pure Carbon as such never forms ions whereas, if in molecular form it may form carbanion and carbocation. Carbon has 6 electrons revolving around the nuclious and 6 protons in its nuclious. Thus carbanion or carbon with one nigative charge (hypothetical ion of carbon) will have 6 protons and 7 electrons in its atom. Formal charge is nothing but the addition of number of protons and electrong with specific charges on each.
Thus answer to your Q: (hypothetical) carbon ion (C-1) forms by having 6 nutrons and 7 electrons.
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