Question

1. Give a rationalization for the stability of Sn(II) and Sn(IV) versus Sn(III).

2. Several exotic organometallic compounds of Sn(II) have recently been prepared and structurally characterized. What are some of these compounds, and how do they fit in to the general scheme of tin compounds?

3, The direct reaction of the element with R-Cl is of crucial importance to key industries involving the group 14 elements. What are some of these industries, and why is the direct reaction so important to them?

Answer 1

1)

Sn (tin) is belongs to IV group of the periodic table and the outer electronic configuration of Sn is 5s²5p².

Multiple oxidation states are possible for Sn. The oxidation states exhibited by Sn are (II), (III) and (IV). (II) and (IV) are the most stable oxidation states of Sn and (III) is the unstable oxidation state. Sn²⁺ electronic configuration is 4d¹⁰5s⁰5p², and is the stable configuration so the Sn(II) is stable. For Sn⁴⁺, the electronic configuration is 4d¹⁰5s⁰5p⁰ and Sn(IV) is also more stable oxidation state due to stable outer electronic configuration. Electronic configuration of Sn(III) is 4d¹⁰5s⁰5p¹, and the configuration is not stable one so that the Sn(III) is unstable.