8. Consider the structure of beta-carotene:
It is a linear polyene in which 21 bonds, 10 single and 11 double, alternate along a chain of 22 carbon atoms. Assume that beta-carotene can be modeled as a one-dimensional box or pipe with each of the 21 bonds having a length of 1.4x10-10 m. Assume that there is one freely moving electron in the n=11 energy level that can be promoted to the n=12 energy level. Calculate the energy separation between the two energy levels. Calculate the frequency of radiation that can bring about the n=11 to n=12 transition.
ΔE = ________ J
ν = ________ Hz
Bond length = 1.4 x 10^-10 m
Total length of moleucle = 21 x 1.4 x 10^-10 = 2.94 x 10^-9 m ( since we had 21 bonds)
Energy of particle in box = n^2 h^2 / ( 8ma^2)
when n = 11 we have E = 11^2 ( h^2 / 8ma^2) ,
E(n=12) - E(n=1) = ( 12^2 - 11^2) ( h^2 / 8ma^2)
= 23 ( 6.625 x 10^-34Js)^2 / ( 8 x 9.1 x 10^-31 kg x (2.94x10^-9m)^2 )
= 6.975 x 10^-21 J
Hence dE = 6.975 x 10^-21 J
now we have relation dE = h x v where v is frequency
6.975 x 10^-21 J = 6.625 x 10^-34 Js x v
v = 1.05 x 10^13 Hz ( 1s-1 = 1Hz)
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