Question

A Gouy balance is used to determine the magnetic susceptibility of a substance. A strong electromagnet is placed next to the sample, which is on a balance. If the sample is paramagnetic, the mass reading of the balance will increase when the field is switched on. Based on their electron configurations, predict whether these elements are paramagnetic or diamagnetic.

Ca Cl Si Ar

Answer 1

When an atom is paramagnetic or diamagnetic, consider its electron configuration. If there are any unpaired electrons, the atom is paramagnetic, and it all electrons are present in pair than atom will diamagnetic.

Na: 11

Ne 3s1

Here one unpaired electron thus it is Paramagnetic
Ca: 20

[Ar] 4s2

Here all electron are paired thus it is Diamagnetic

C: 6

[He] 2s2 2p2

Here 2 unpaired electron thus it is Paramagnetic
He:2

1s2

Here all electron are paired thus it is Diamagnetic