Question

B. SATURATED AMMONIUM CHLORIDE. NH4CL + HCL

1. what is the evidence for a shift in equilibrium?

2. which ion caused the equilibrium to shift?

3. In which direction did the equilibrium shift?

C. IRON(III) CHLORIDE PLUS POTASSIUM THIOCYANATE

a. stock solution

b. stock solution +FeCl3

c. stock solution +KSCN d. stock solution + AgNO3 +KSCN

e. stock solution +AfNO3+ FeCl3 1.

1. What is the evidence for a shift in equillibrium when iron(iii) chloride is added to the stock solution?

2. What is the evidence for a shift in equilibrium when potassium thiocyanate is added to the stock solution

3a. what is the evidence for a shift in equilibrium when silver nitrate is added to the stock solution? (The formation of a precipitate is not the evidence since the precipitate is not one of the substances in the equilibrium)

3b. The change in concentration of which ion in the equilibrium caused this equilibrium shift?

3c. write a net ionic equation to illustrate how this concentration change occurred

D. COPPER(II) SULFATE SOLUTION WITH AMMONIA CUSO4+NH3+H2SO4

1. what was the evidence for the first shift in equilibrium when the NH3(aq) was added dropwise to the CU2+ solution?

2. explain how adding more NH3(aq) caused the equilibria to shift again.

3. Explain how 3 M sulfuric acid caused the equilibria to shift back again?

4. What did you observe to indicate that the reaction shifted to left?

E. COBALT (II) CHLORIDE SOLUTION CoCl2+HCl.CoCl2+NH4Cl

1. what was the evidence for a shift in equilibrium when hydrochloric acid was added to the cobalt chloride solution?

2. State whether the concentration of each of the following substances was increased, decreased, or unaffected when the hydrochloric acid was added to the cobalt chloride solution. Co(H2O)6 2+ - CL- - CoCl4 2- 3.

what did you observe when ammonium was added to cobalt chloride solution?

4. What did you observe when this mixture was heated?

5. Explain why heating the mixture caused the equilibrium to shift?

6. What did you observe when the mixture was cooled?

7. Explain why cooling the mixture caused the equilibrium to shift

F. AMMONIA SOLUTION Ammonia stock +NH4Cl, Ammonia stock + HCl

1. What is the evidence for a shift in equilibrium when ammonium chloride was added to the stock solution?

2. Explain, in terms of the equilibrium, the results observed when hydrochloric acid was added to the stock solution.

3. State whether the concentration of each of the following was increased, decreased, or unaffected when dilute acid was added to the ammonia stock solution: NH3 --- NH4+ -- OH ---- Pink Color

4. In which direction would the equilibrium shift if solution hydroxide were added to the ammonia stock solution.

5. would the sodium hydroxide tend to decrease the color intensity? explain.

6. Would boiling the ammonia solution have any effect on the equilibrium? Explain.

Answer 1

B. SATURATED AMMONIUM CHLORIDE. NH4CL + HCL

1. what is the evidence for a shift in equilibrium?

formation of NH3 due to the neutralization of NH4+ an dH+

2. which ion caused the equilibrium to shift?

H+ shifts NH3 + H+ ---> NH4+

3. In which direction did the equilibrium shift?

typically, to the left, or to more NH4+ production

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