A:- 1) Bond enthalpy:
The minimum amount of energy required for breaking of one mole covalent bond in gaseous state is called bond enthalpy.
Bond enthalpy is decreases from top to bottom in a group with increasing atomic radius and bond enthalpy is increases in a period across from left to right with decreasing atomic radius.
2) Anomalies: The first element every group shows anomalous properties than other elements in a group, because the first element has very small atomic radius.
Ex:- Be forms covalent compounds, where as the other elements forms ionic compounds
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