Question

Physical properties such as melting point, boiling point, and solubility are all dependent on the type of interparticle forces a substance experiences. Identify the type of interparticle force that has the greatest influence on the physical properties for each substance. Cl2, NH2OH, PCl3, CH4, CaCl2, KI

Two of the substances in Part 1 are ionic. Which factors will result in a stronger ionic bond overall?

larger ionsgreater absolute chargessimilarity of ionic sizessmaller ions

Answer 1

Solution:- Cl₂ is a non polar molecule so it would have London disperson forces.

NH₂OH would have hydrogen bonding as hydrogen is bonded with Oxygen and nitrogen atoms.

PCl₃ is polar so it would have dipole-dipole forces.

CH₄ is non polar so like Cl₂, it would also have London dispersion forces.

CaCl₂ and KI are ionic so both of these would have ion-ion forces.

Ca⁺² has high charge as compared to K⁺ and also the size of Cl^- is smaller than I^-, so the forces would be stronger for CaCl₂ as compared to KI.

Cl₂ and CH₄ are non polar and have LDF forces but in these two the forces would be little stronger in Cl₂ as it's molar mass is higher than CH₄.

So, strong to weaker forces order would be...

CaCl₂ > KI> NH₂OH > PH₃ > Cl₂ > CH₄