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What is the role of the conserved Glu and Asp residues for the lysozyme catalytic mechanism?

What is the role of the conserved Glu and Asp residues for the lysozyme catalytic mechanism?

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Answer #1

Glu easily transfers a proton to the polar O atom of the glycosidic bond. So, the C–O bond in the substrate is broken. Asp helps to stabilise the oxonium ion, but it does not react with it. The oxonium ion reacts with a water molecule from the solvent environment, extracting a hydroxyl group and re-protonating Glu. The catalytic mechanism of lysozyme involves both general acid and general base catalysis. Consider Lysozyme catalyses the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds and role of the conserved Glu and Asp residues for the lysozyme catalytic mechanism are shown below.

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