Question

ATP synthase is the complex that phosphorylates ADP toform ATP and uses the proton gradient to drive the overall reaction. Describe through which component of the ATP synthase do the hyrogen ions actualy flow and in what direction and which components of the complex undergo rotation

Answer 1

Solution- ATP synthase is an enzyme that made the energy storage molecules adenosine triphosphate. In actual overall reaction is ADP + P_i  + H^+_Out ATP + H₂O + H⁺_in

where p_i is the inorganic phosphate and ADP is the adenosine diphosphate. The reaction is forward , ATP synthesis during cellular respiration to an electrochemical gradient Is created by the difference in proton concentration across the mitochondrial membrane in bacteria. In the photosynthesis in plants, the ATP synthase using the proton gradient created in the thylakoids lumen through the thylakoid membrane band into the chloroplasts stromatolites. The formation of the ADP to ATP and P_i is energetically unfavourable and normally proceed the reverse direction. The two components of the complex undergoes rotation . The NAD ( nicotiana idle adenine dinucleotide ) and FAD ( flavin adenine dinucleotide ).