Question

Paul is a 50-year-old lab manager with a family history of heart disease. His father had a heart attack at the age of 56 and he has two brothers, both of which have high total- and LDL blood cholesterol levels.
Paul recently visited his GP for a regular check-up and the results of the blood tests are presented below.

Parameter	Paul’s result	Recommended range
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)	6.1	< 4.0
LDL-cholesterol   (mmol/L)	3.5	< 1.8
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)	0.7	> 1.0
Triglycerides        (mmol/L)	1.8	< 2.0

The GP undertook a 24 hr recall of what Paul had consumed the day before. The following outlines his intake and was it established this is a typical intake 1 – 2 days of the week. His total energy intake for the day 9,500kJ.

Breakfast: Ham and cheese grilled croissant, percolated coffee with whole milk

Morning Tea: 3 cream filled biscuits and whole milk cappuccino

Lunch: Wholemeal sandwich with butter, salami, regular cheese, tomato and lettuce and 600ml bottle of coke

Afternoon tea: Banana

Dinner: Fish and chips from take-away shop

After dinner: Ice-cream with chocolate sauce

His doctor has advised him to eat less fat, with an emphasis on decreasing the saturated fat content.
Paul is fairly active, and keeps his weight stable at 83 kg. He is 183 cm tall.

1. Calculate Paul's BMI. (show your calculations)

2. What do Paul’s blood results reveal?

3. From the diet recall given, identify the main sources of saturated fat in Paul's diet.

4. What are some reasonable (and achievable) dietary modifications would you suggest to Paul to enable him to increase the unsaturated fat (MUFA and PUFA) to saturated fat ratio based on his diet recall?   Note: increase omega-3 where possible
Refer to Figure H5.1 (Highlight 5) and Table 5.3 (Major sources of various lipids) in the text for examples of foods to include and avoid/limit in the meal plan.

Breakfast:

Morning Tea:

Lunch:

Afternoon tea:

Dinner:

After dinner:

Answer 1

1. BMI= Weight in KG/ Height in m2

Weight= 83KG , Height 183cm= 1.83m = 3.24(m)2 [1.83X1.83

BMI= 83/3.24= 24.6Kg/m2

2. Person has elevated level of the cholesterol and triglyceride

3. From the diet recalled, chips, whole milk , cream are the major source of saturated fat

4. Diet suggestion: (No table was given in the question so i am referring my own suggesion)

Breakfast: Breakfast: coffie with Oatmeal/ Avocado toast

Lunch: Salmon Fish coocked in olive oil, Green leady vegetable

Dinner: Tofu? Baked potato, Greek Yoghurt

Avoid eating milk cream and chips