QUESTION 45
Answer the following question in no more than 2 well-written sentences.
Explain how inhibiting protein phosphatase 1 (PPI) with gene therapy can improve heart function for non-ischemic heart disease.
Increased protein phosphatase-1 in heart failure (HF) induces molecular changes deleterious to the cardiac cell. Inhibiting protein phosphatase-1 through the overexpression of a constitutively active inhibitor-1 (I-1c) has been shown to reverse cardiac dysfunction in a model of ischemic HF.Disruption of Ca2+ homeostasis is a key pathomechanism in heart failure. CaMKII‐dependent hyperphosphorylation of ryanodine receptors in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) increases the arrhythmogenic SR Ca2+ leak and depletes SR Ca2+ stores. The contribution of conversely acting serine/threonine phosphatases [protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) and 2A (PP2A)] is largely unknown.
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