Question

9. Depression, hot flashes and cessation of the menstrual cycle are typical symptoms of _______.           

a. PMS

b. Menopause

c. Infertility

d. ovarian cancer

            

10. A standard screening test for cervical cancer is called _______.                   

1. Pap Smear      
2. Genome sequencing
3. ELISA
4. NAAT testing

            

11. The actual gene sequence governing the expression of a trait is called a _______.

a. Phenotype

b. Genotype   

c. Haplotype

d. Molecular signature

12. The physical expression of this trait is the _______, which can also be defined as the physical expression of a gene.            

a. Phenotype

b. Genotype   

c. Haplotype

d. Molecular signature

13. Inheritance of traits that are determined by more than one gene is called _______.                        

a. Codominant genes

b. Polygenic inheritance         

c. X-linked inheritance            

d. Co-recessive            

14. Down syndrome is a disorder where a person has a(n) _______ chromosome 21.                      

a. Shortened

b. Spliced

c. Truncated

d. Extra            

15. A picture of all chromosomes taken in metaphase and used for analysis is called a _______.               

a. Prototype

b. Karyotype   

c. Genotype

d. Haplotype                

16. The basic building blocks of DNA are called ______.                   

a. amino acids

b. nucleotides

c. ribose sugars

d. fatty acids                             

17. A group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of the muscles, muscle weakness, and muscle loss is called _______.                      

       a. Small cell lung carcinoma

b. Lymphoma

c. Muscular Dystrophy

d. Cystic Fibrosis

                                      

18. A condition in which one chromosome is present in three copies instead of two is called _______, whereas a condition in which one chromosome of a pair is missing is called _______.      

a. Trisomy, Monosomy

b. Polysomy,    Monosomy

c. Thrisomy, Unisomy

d. Multisomy, Monosomy                                

19. Monosomy of the X chromosome characterized by a short stocky neck, underdeveloped secondary sexual characteristics, and infertility is called _______ syndrome.                

a. Phillip          

b. Turner

c. William

d. Harry

                         

20. A malignant tumor that arises in the retinal cells of the eye and that usually occurs in children is called _______.                      

a. sarcoma

b. lymphoma

c. adenocarcinoma

d. Retinoblastoma      

Section 2: Short Answer questions (4 questions x 5 points each = 20 points total)

Question 1

Design a well controlled mouse vaccine study. For this you will have 20 BALB/c mice to work with. If your objective is to test the B cell/antibody immune response elicited by the HIV-1 gp120 protein vaccine that is formulated with alum adjuvant, how would you design a well controlled study. Please keep in mind that the protein is resuspended in a PBS buffer.

Explain how many groups you would have and how many mice per group. Also, tell us what you would admister to the animlals in each of the study groups. Please indicate which group(s) is/are the test/experimental group(s) and which is/are the control group(s).

Question 2

Your mother calls and says she’s been experiencing the following symptoms:

• Extreme fatigue
• Pale skin
• Weakness
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Frequent infections
• Headache
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Cold hands and feet
• Inflammation or soreness of your tongue
• Brittle nails
• Fast heartbeat

You suspect she has an iron deficiency. Explain how or the mechanism by which an iron deficiency may lead to such symptoms as weakness, fatigue and lightheadedness.

3. Blood Type

Susan is hospitalized with influenza. The attending physician calls the blood establishment in the hospital asking for anti-influenza antibody enriched blood to administer to her. Susan’s blood type is B negative (and she has 2 children; the first was born with B positive blood and the second born with O positive blood).

The scientist working the blood center tells the physician that he has the following blood to choose from: (i) from an O negative patient, (ii) from an AB positive patient, (iii) from an AB negative patient and (iv) from a B positive patient. Explain which blood sample should be ordered for the patient and why.

4. A patient comes into the doctor’s office complaining of a sore throat and cough. As their physician, it is your job to diagnose what their illness is so that you can prescribe the appropriate treatment. How will you determine whether this patient has a bacterial or viral infection? How will your treatment differ depending on the result?

Section 3: Medium length question (1 question x 20 points each = 20 points total)

Scenario

The pattern-baldness gene (designated “b:”) behaves as an autosomal dominant gene in males and an autosomal recessive gene in females, making pattern baldness a sex-influenced trait. If a heterozygous bald man marries a heterozyous female with a full head of hair (clearly not bald).

1. Construct a Punnett square illustrating the offspring resulting from this couple.

2. From your analysis in part (a) of this question, what are the different genotype possibilities for the children of this couple and what is the probability that children will have each of the different genotypes?

3. Using your analyses in parts (a) and (b) of this question, if the couple had 3 male children and each son had a different genotype (identified in your Punnett square), what would the pattern-baldness phenotypes of the sons be?

4. Using your analyses in parts (a) and (b) of this question, if the couple had 3 female children and each daughter had a different genotype (identified in your Punnett square), what would the pattern-baldness phenotypes of the daughters be?

Answer 1

Ans 9) Option (b) is correct.

It occurs when the menstrual flow stops and which results in symptoms like estrogen level reduces as well as the progesterone level .
Symptoms which appear are gaining of weight, hor flashes are produced in the body and there is dryness in the vagina.

Ans 10) Option (a) is correct.

This test is used to detect the cervical cancer when some changes in the cells are observed
In this , the cell sample from cervix is collected. Also, at the time of gynecologic check this test is performed. This is also known as PAP smear.

Ans 11) Option (b) is correct.

Genotype is defined as the set of gene that can be inherited from parents to their offspring and are responsible for expression of traits in an individual like height , or hair color.

Ans 12) Option (a) is correct.

It is the physical characteristics which are observed when there is interaction in the organism gene
For example colour of skin, weight and height.

Stay safe and for any query feel free to ask in the comment section. Due to time constraints l had answered top 4 question posted by you but if you want I will answer them in comments.