Question

1. What is not true of signal-transduction pathways?

   		They are often made-up of a series of kinases
   		They allow regulation a hormonal signal by other molecules
   		They transduce signals from water-soluble hormones to stimulate a cellular response
   		They allow amplification of a hormonal signals
   		They are typically initiated by the binding of a hormone to a cytoplasmic receptor protein

2. When you touch a hot object you automatically pull your hand away as a reflex. Which part of your nervous system is not involved in this response?

   		Motor neurons
   		Sensory receptors
   		Cerebellum
   		Sensory neurons
   		Spinal ganglia

3. Which of the following results from parasympathetic stimulation of the autonomic nervous system?

   		Decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure
   		Increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
   		Decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure
   		Increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

4. Which of the following signaling systems is like you throwing a ball into the air and catching it again?

   		Juxtocrine
   		Paracrine
   		Autocrine
   		Synaptic
   		Endocrine

Answer 1

1. D) They allow amplification of a hormonal signals

Explanation: Signal transduction does not amply hormonal signals but instead it converts hormonal signals into intracellular signals to give response.

2. cerebellum

Explanation: Spinal Reflexes does not involve the brain.

3. A) Decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Explanation: Parasympathetic fibers causes contraction of the smooth muscles of the gI tract resulting in peristaltic contraction. It decreases the firing of SA node to decrease the heart rate.

It decreases the blood glucose level.

4. D) Synaptic

Explanation: It involves the release of neurotransmitter from the presynaptic neuron and then catching back the neurotransmitter by the presynaptic membrane