Question

• Opposite charges attract; like charges repel.
• Like dissolves like.
• “Stable” means “low energy” and unreactive, while “unstable” means “high energy” and reactive; and all things spontaneously become more stable over time (unless there is an input of energy), and in becoming more stable they release energy.

Explain how one or more of those principles (above) apply to each of the following (below):

1. Chemical bonds form between atoms: ionic, hydrogen, and covalent.

2. Particular proteins always assume particular elements of 3-D shape/secondary structure.

3. DNA always assumes a double-stranded, helical shape.

4. Biological membranes are semi-permeable.

5. Vesicle membranes can “fuse” with target organelles’ membranes

Thannks

Answer 1

Opposite charges attract; like charges repel.

Like dissolves like.

Stable means low energy and unreactive, while “unstable” means “high energy” and reactive; and all things spontaneously become more stable over time (unless there is an input of energy), and in becoming more stable they release energy.

Explain how one or more of those principles (above) apply to each of the following (below):

Ans:1. Chemical bonds form between atoms: ionic, hydrogen, and covalent.

3. DNA always assumes a double-stranded, helical shape.

4. Biological membranes are semi-permeable.

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