Question

1. A client is receiving solifenacin succinate (VESIcare). The nurse knows that this drug is used to treat which condition? (a) chronic cystitis; (b) Urinary tract spasms; (c0 Urinary tract infections; (d) Overactive bladder.
2. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) include which of the following? (a) cystitis; (b) urethritis; (c) prostatitis; (d) all of the above.
3. Bacteriostatic drugs: (a) inhibit bacterial growth; (b) stimulate bacterial growth; (c) have no effect on bacterial growth; (d) are bactericidal at higher doses.
4. Acute cystitis occurs: (a) more in males; (b) more in females; (c) more in hermaphrodites; (d) with equal frequency in males and females.
5. Acute pyelonephritis, a serious condition involving painful urination, urinary frequency and urgency, and pyuria is caused by; (a) E. coli; (b) Salmonella; (c) Staphalococcus (d) STD.
6. Pheazopyridine hydrochloride (Pyridium) used to treat painful and burning urination produces urine that is: (a) green; (b) yellow; (c) red; (d) black.
7. To improve bladder function after a spinal cord injury, a direct acting parasympathomimetic drug bethanechol chloride is used, which: (a) stimulates urination; (b) inhibits urination; (c) has no effect on urination; (d) causes enuresis.

Answer 1

1) Solifenacin sulphate is used to treat an overactive bladder. An overactive bladder means the person does not have the ability to control his urine and wants to empty it immediately. This drug helps in relaxing the bladder muscles and also reduces the urge to urinate frequently and reduces involuntary leakage of urine.

2) Cystitis. This is a infection of the urinary bladder leading to inflammation and it is the most common type of UTI.

Urethritis is the specific inflammation of the urethra, but UTI is the infection of the entire urinary tract. Urethritis is not the same as an UTI.

Prostatis can be caused by both UTI or even STD.It can also be caused due to an existing UTI. prostatis is the inflammation of the prostrate gland in males.

3) Bacteriostatic drugs inhibit the growth of microorganisms. Bactericidal drugs kill the bacteria. Some of the bacteriostatic drugs can be bactericidal at higher concentration, but this is not always true.

4) Acute cystitis is more common in females. This is because the length of the urethra in females is much shorter than males making the entry of bacteria easier into the bladder.

5) acute pyelonephritis is caused by E.coli. It infects the kidneys and can even cause permanent damage to it.

This disease starts as a UTI and then proceeds further inside and spreads into the kidneys and bladder. people more prone to UTI are more prone to this.

6) when pyridium is taken to treat urinary tract infections and other complications it can cause the change in colour of urine to red. This is due to the effects of the medications.

7) bethanechol chloride is a cholinergic agent similar to acetylcholine. It is used to stimulate urination. Immediately after a surgery or due to bladder issues, this drug helps in the bladder to contract its muscles and squeeze so that urine retention is avoided. Hence it aids in easier urine removal.