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What is the formula for net primary production (NPP)? How does NPP relate to energy pyramids?

What is the formula for net primary production (NPP)? How does NPP relate to energy pyramids?

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Net primary production: It is difference of the the gross primary productivity and the organic material consumed as energy source due to metaboilism of the producers.

NPP = GPP - (organic material spent in aerobic respiration).

The net primary productivity represents the whole organic material available at the first tropic level of food chain or tropic level. The base of the energy pyramids must represent the NPP and not the GPP since the idea of these pyramids is to show the available energy in each tropic level of the food chain.

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