Question

• Opposite charges attract; like charges repel.
• Like dissolves like.
• “Stable” means “low energy” and unreactive, while “unstable” means “high energy” and reactive; and all things spontaneously become more stable over time (unless there is an input of energy), and in becoming more stable they release energy.

Explain how one or more of those principles apply to each of the following:

1. ATP Synthase produces ATP. (2.5 points)

Answer 1

Ans. ATP Synthase is an enzyme that consists of two subunits and helps in the production of (Adenosine Triphosphate) ATP. ATP is formed from (Adenosine diphosphate) ADP by the action of enzyme ATP synthase. The formation of ATP from ADP is energetically unfavorable as ADP is a low energy product and more stable than ATP. So, the input of energy from our side is required for the formation of ATP. This energy is obtained by the enzyme by using the electron gradient created during respiration along the mitochondrial membrane and from proton gradient created in the thylakoid membrane during photosynthesis and utilises this energy to form bond between ADP and phospahte to give rise to ATP.