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In paragraph form, compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and ethanol fermentation. (A) What...

In paragraph form, compare and contrast the processes of cellular respiration and ethanol fermentation. (A) What is the chemical formula showing the reactants and the products for each reaction? (B) What are the main stages in each process? (C) What molecules are oxidized and reduced in each process? (D) Which process produces more ATP, and why? (E) Which process likely evolved first in the history of life--explain why?

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Answer #1

Cellular respiration:

1. Glycolysis

Glucose ------> Pyruvate

2. Link reaction

Pyruvate ------> Acetyl co-A

3. TCA cycle

Acetyl co-A -----> CO2 + H2O

4. Electron transport chain

NADH + H+ + FADH2 + ADP + Pi --------> NAD+ + FAD+ + ATP + H+

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen. Molecular Oxygen is the terminal electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ------> 6 CO2 + 6H2O

Aerobic respiration produces 36 ATP.

Anaerobic respiration:

It occurs in the absence of oxygen. It involves glycolysis and conversion of pyruvate to lactate/ethanol.

Glucose ------> Pyruvate -------> Lactate/ethanol

C6H12O6 ------> 2 CH3CH2OH + 2CO2

It produces only 2 ATP.

Anaerobic respiration is evolved first during the course of evolution as the prehistoric earth contained mainly reducing environment with little amounts of free molecular oxygen.

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