In complex disorders, results of adoption studies support the presence of genetic risk factors if:
a) the disease is present among the biological relatives of affected individuals
b) the disease is more frequent among the biological relatives than the adoptive relatives of affected individuals
c) the frequency of the disease among biological relatives of affected individuals is the same as the general population
d) the frequency of the disease among adoptive relatives of affected individuals is lower than in the general population
e) all of the above
Answer: Choice B
Explanation: An adoption study is conducted to understand the relative effect of the environment on the genetic disorder or phenotype of the individual. Thus, the biological species or individuals which are more related to each other have a tendency to show similar effects. This states that the appearance of similar phenotypes will be more frequent in related organisms or individuals of the same species. Hence, the prevalance of the disease would be more frequent among biological relatives as compared to non-related indviduals as an influence of their genes as well as the environment.
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