Question

We explored the large cooperative “societies” of social hymenopterans (large-colony bees and ants). It is crucial to our understanding of human societies to analyze how they are like and/or unlike the hymenopteran case. Which of the following is the most accurate and complete description of the result of this analysis?

	a.	Humans are unique in that our societies are based on no kin-selected behaviors, while hymenopteran societies are based exclusively on kin-selection.
	b.	Both human and hymenopteran societies contain kin-selected cooperation; however, their ultimate scale and stability are limited by coercive management of kinship-independent conflicts of interest.
	c.	Human societies are based entirely on coercive control of conflicts of interest, while hymenopteran societies make no use whatever of such social coercion.
	d.	Both human and hymenopteran societies contain kin-selected cooperation; however, kin-selection is the whole story in all hymenopterans while humans uniquely manage non-kin conflicts of interest.

Answer 1

Kin Selection : It is the kind of evolutionary behaviour where fitness of there genetic constitution is giving by the sacrifice of their closely relatives male. For example honeybees in which a single mother bee can reproduce with the male which after mating will die.

On the basis of this the option a is the most appropriate where, Human are unique in that our societies are based on no kin selection while Hymenoptera societies are based exclusively on kin selection.