Question

1. The formula for Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium is normally written as:

A.

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

B.

p² + q² = 1

C.

p = qr²

E = (RT/zF) * ln (p/q)   

Question 2

Genetic drift is:

a.

Change in the allele frequencies of a population over time due to random effects

b.

Change in the genetic composition of an individual due to random mutations

c.

Change in the allele frequencies of a population over time due to the survival and reproduction values of those alleles

d. When multiple copies of DNA sequences accumulate in the genome due to gene duplication events

Question 3

When every individual in a population has only one allele for a gene (that is, there is no diversity or variation for the gene), the allele has reached:

a.		Fixation
b.		Mutation
c.		Saturation
d.		Dominance

Question 4

In multicellular organisms, mutations are only subject to natural selection if they occur in:

a.		Germline cells
b.		Somatic cells

Question 5

A synonymous substitution in a DNA sequence is one in which:

a.		The amino acid specified by the resulting codon does not change (e.g., codon for glutamate swapped for a different codon for glutamate)
b.		The DNA sequence itself does not change (e.g., C swapped for C)
c.		The tertiary structure of a protein does not change (e.g., polar amino acid swapped for a different polar amino acid)

Answer 1

Question: 1. The formula for Hardy -Weinberg equilibrium is normally written as:

Answer: A. p² + 2pq + q² = 1

Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium Equation :

Using Allelic Frequency

p + q = 1

p = frequency of dominant allele

q = frequency of recessive allele

Using Genotypic Frequency

p² + 2pq + q² = 1

p² = frequency of homozygous dominant genotype

2pq = frequency of heterozygous genotype

q² = frequency of homozygous recessive genotype