Question

please answer as many as possible!

1) Describe the difference between exotoxins and endotoxins.

2) Create a flowchart to represent each step in an infectious disease process. You may use PowerPoint, MS Word or Google Docs to create your flowchart. PowerPoint https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VR7iBImDB4 MS Word https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0VR7iBImDB4 Google Docs https://www.labnol.org/internet/office/create-flowcharts-in-google-docs/8051/

3) List the patterns of transmission of communicable diseases.

4) Define healthcare-associated infection, listing the most common types, and the factors that influence the development of these infections

5) Explain the following terms associated with epidemiology:

Incidence

Endemic

Morbidity rate

Prevalence

Reportable disease

Mortality rate

Pandemic

Epidemic

Answer 1

2.

1.

ENDOTOXIN	EXOTOXIN
Present on gram negative bacteria	Found in gram positive bacteria
Genes of endotoxin reside in chromosome	Gene of toxin resides in plasmid.Some times could be introduced by virus.
Recognised mainly by pattern recognising receptor /toll like receptor- 2,4	Recognised by B cell receptor and T cell receptor
Response against endotoxin is non specific & mediated by IL1, IL2, TNF alpha, IFN gama	Response is variable depending upon toxin
They are heat stable	They are protein so heat unstable
Unique property is lipopolysaccharide that acts as a toxin	Unique property is toxin, biofilm found in plasmid and secreted by ABC transporter.

IL = interleukin

TNF=tumor necrosis factor

IFN= interferon