Question

please answer all the questions:

Question 1

A stimulus for complement activation is generated when one of the complement factors undergoes a spontaneous reaction and fragmentation which leads to covalent linkage between a fragment of the complement factor and various other molecules. This process is greatly enhanced under what circumstance?

	In the presence of bacteria
	Early in the morning

	After a meal
	Prior to birth

Upon cantact with chemokines.

Question 2

Which of the following is a stimulus for complement activation?

	Antigen bound to MHC
	TNF

	Soluble lectin receptors bound with pathogen carbohydrate structures
	All of the above

None of the above

Question 3

One complement factor has the ability to directly opsonize pathogen. Which one?

	C3a
	C4a

	C3b
	C5b

None of the above

Question 4

Which one of the following is a soluble inflammatory mediator that is derived from membrane phospholipids?

	Cytokines
	Chemokines

	Prostaglandins
	Colony-stimulating factors

Complement

Question 5

In order for leukocyte rolling to occur along an endothelial surface, endothelial cells must be stimulated. What is one soluble inflammatory factor that can do this stimulation?

	Histamine
	IL-12

	Antibody
	TNF

Chemokine

Question 6

In order for leukocytes to adhere with high affinity to an endothelial surface, endothelial cells must stimulate those leukocytes with an inflammatory factor. What inflammatory factor?

	Histamine
	IL-12

	Antibody
	TNF

Chemokine

Answer 1

1. options first is correct

complement system are part of immune system and the complement system is activated by there any attack of pathogen

so here complement system is activated by bacteria.

2. option d is correct

all of the above options are correct

complement system is a complex process which is activated by the multiple activities of pathogen and immune system.

3.

c3b have tendency to optimise pathogens completely.

all of the complement proteins are involved in different Pathways like classical and alternative pathway of complement system.

4. option B is correct

chemokines are compound which is involved in the immune system activation