Question

Cladograms are useful in demonstrating the relatedness of organisms and of species. In what ways can information regarding gene loci and protein products help identify relationships between organisms, and in what ways do they fail?

Answer 1

Cladograms are the diagrams which show relationship between the organisms. They are different from evolutionary tree because various lines meet to give a hypothetical ancester and those may be compared to get a last common ancester and maymprovide information about the path of evolution. The data are aggregated on basis of morphology and genomic data by sequencing. Is arranged in a cladogram and a hypothetical ancester provide information about their origin. Then last common ancester is finally obtained at root of cladogram. Morphology comparison may give misleading results because distantly related organism may have same structures.