A primer designed to amplify one gene could amplify other genes in a more systematic way than by chance. Think of a biological example. What would two targets need to be amplified using the same primer and what circumstance would yield that high degree of similarity?
A primer which is designed to amplify a gene can systematically amplify the other gene if it has the sequence similarity. For example gene families containing a set of genes with high sequence similarity, could be amplified with a set of primers. Globulin genes are well-known gene family in humans.
In nature, a duplication event in a gene can produce these sets of similar sequences collectively called as gene family which also possess functional similarities.
Family specific PCR may be generally carried out using specific Leader chain targetting primers which could amplify a set of downstream genes with high sequence similarity.
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