Question

We have seen that mitosis and meiosis, having different goals, differ in some important ways. The...

We have seen that mitosis and meiosis, having different goals, differ in some important ways. The following questions refer to these differences.
​A) How do mitosis and meiosis differ in number of repetitions of the reproductive portion of the cell cycle? __________________________________________________________________________________________________
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​B) Something very important to the production of gametes occurs in the first part of meiosis (meiosis 1), involving an ​interaction between homologous chromosomes, that does not occur in mitosis. What is this process and how does it ​work? __________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________​C) In both meiosis I and mitosis, chromosomes line up along the mid-line of the nucleus, but with one important ​difference. What is this difference? __________________________________________________________________________________________________
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​D) There are 2 processes that occur in meiosis that create a great deal of genetic diversity in gametes. What are they?
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What is the primary mode of communication between cells? _____________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

It is obvious that the reproduction of cells in an organism must be tightly controlled. We learned about 3 ways in which cell replication may be inhibited. List and define these 3 ways. __________________________________________
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What kinds of molecules function to stimulate cell replication? In what situation (or situations) would this be desirable?
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In lecture mention was made of a phenomenon called programmed cell death, i.e., the intentional destruction of cells by an organism. Can you think of any situations in which it would be desirable for an organism to intentionally destroy its own cells?

Homework Answers

Answer #1

A. Mitosis involves a single nuclear division (karyokinesis). It produces two daughter cells.
Meiosis involves two nuclear divisions. It produces four daughter cells.

B. Meiosis generates new genetic combinations by two mechanisms
i. Crossing over between non-sister chromatids of the homologous pair of chromosomes during the pachytene stage of meiotic prophase-I.
ii. Independent assortment of chromosomes
Crossing over occurs exclusively in meiosis but not during mitosis.

C. In meiosis-I, homologous pairs of chromosomes align at the equatorial plate (46 in two horizontal lanes. 23 in each lane)
In mitosis, all chromosomes without any pairing line up at the equatorial plane (46 in a single horizontal lane)

D. i. Crosisng over
ii. Independnet assortment of chromosomes

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