Make the assumption that a cell has a 10% salt concentration inside its cytoplasm. Why are carrier proteins required for the passage of some material in and out of the cell?
Carrier proteins stays in the membrane and do transport of ions, molecules by either facilitated diffusion(down the concentration gradient) and active transport. They are of 2 types symporter and antiporter. Carrier proteins undergo conformational changes while transport of ions or molecules. It performs both the functions means it transports the ions/molecule inside the cell as well as outside the cell as it is completely embedded in the cell membrane. Carrier proteins have receptors to bind with the ions/molecules. These proteins transport them from low concentration to high concentration of particles. For active transport carrier proteins need energy in the form of ATP.
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