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1. Receptor A and Receptor B are both G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed in the same...

1.

Receptor A and Receptor B are both G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), expressed in the same cell, but they control different biological responses. Receptor A and Receptor B are known to bind and respond to Hormone A and Hormone B, respectively.

Treatment of the cells in the laboratory with Hormone A and B revealed that activation of Receptor A results in a dramatic increase in cyclic-AMP levels in the cell, while activation of Receptor B results in increased inositol triphosphate (IP3) and cytosolic calcium ion levels.

Compare and contrast the signalling mechanisms used by each receptor to elicit their respective responses to Hormone A and Hormone B.

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Answer #1

Hormone A

When water soluble hormone, here in this question, it is A hormone binds to the receptor that activate G protein which in turn activated the enzyme adenyl cyclase which convert ATP into cyclic AMP. This cyclic AMP is a second messenger that activate enzyme known as kinase which activate many protein in the signalling pathway by phosphorylating them.

Hormone B

When hormone B attached to the G protein coupled receptor, that is attached with G protein which is heterotrimeric. This G protein get activated and alpha of this protein bind and induce the phospholipase enzyme C. This activated enzymes perform the synthesis the formation of inositol tri phosphate and diacylglycerol. This increase of inositol triphosphate increase the movement of cytoplasm from cytoplasm to sarcoplasmic reticulum.

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