Question

What is protein synthesis?

A)	Protein synthesis is the process through which cells capture DNA and chemically "force" it to do their "bidding."

B)	Protein synthesis is the process through which cells decay, also known as necrosis.

C)	Protein synthesis is the process through which cells read DNA and build the molecular components of new cells.

D)	Protein synthesis is the process through which cells read DNA, and then edit it in order to produce a genome that is more fit for future generations.

Answer 1

The answer is D. Protein synthesis involves 2 major steps. In the first step, information in DNA is transferred to a messanger RNA(mRNA) molecule by way of a process called transcription. During transcription the DNA of a gene serves as a template for complementary base pairing and an enzyme called RNA polymerase II catalyzes the formation of a pre-mRNA molecule which is then processed to form mature mRNA. The resulting mRNA is a single stranded copy of the gene , which next must be translated into a protein molecule. During translation, the mRNA is read according to the genetic code which relates the DNA sequence to the amino acid sequence in the proteins.Each group of 3 bases in mRNA constitutes a codon and each codon specifies a particular amino acids (triplet codon) which helps in gene expression.