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The Central Dogma of molecular biology states that the biological flow of information is from DNA...

The Central Dogma of molecular biology states that the biological flow of information is from DNA through RNA to protein. You have seen examples of viral replication that contradict the Central Dogma. Why do such exceptions invariably relate to the transcription of DNA to RNA rather than the translation of RNA to protein?

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Answer #1

Central dogma of life: DNA -----> RNA -----> Protein
DNA -----> DNA: Replication
DNA -----> RNA: Transcription
RNA -----> Protein: Translation

RNA -----> DNA: Reverse transcription
The transfer of information from DNA to RNA occurs via sequence complementarity.
RNA is complementary to DNA template strand.
RNA can be reverse transcribed to DNA with the help of reverse transcriptase. It is a feasible process as both of them are nucleic acid sequences that exhibit sequence complementarity.

The mRNA codons are read by tRNA and bring amino acids for the polypeptide biosynthesis.
The protein is not synthesized by chemical modification of the nucleotides nor amino acids exhibit any structural complementarity to nucleotides.
Upon that, a single amino acid is encoded by multiple amino acids.

Hence, a protein can never be reverse-translated to produce mRNA.


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