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mRNA translation can be regulated in eukaryotes to either increase or decrease the translation of a...

mRNA translation can be regulated in eukaryotes to either increase or decrease the translation of a mRNA. Two proteins eIF2 and eIF4B are central in this process. Detail how these proteins are regulated (mechanisms) and what is the outcome of this regulation (i.e. state regulatory condition and if that state either increases or decreases overall translation of mRNAs in the cell).

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Answer #1

Regulation of translation by phosphorylation of elF2 and elF 2B ..

The active form of elF2 (complexed with GTP escorts initiator methionyl tRNA to the ribosome.

The elF2 is then released from the ribosome in an inactive GDP. Bound form.

In order to continue translation elF2 must be reactivated by elF2B ,which stimulates the exchange of GTP for the bound GDP

Translation can be inhibited ( for example , if cells are stressed or starved of growth factors ) by regulatory protein kinases that phosphorylate either elF2 or elF2B .

These phosphorylation block the exchange of GTP for GDP ,so elF2 / GTP cannot be regenerated..

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