9. Describe the contextual determinants of TGF beta signaling. (consider Masssaque 2012, a long review article if you want to know more than what we can cover here, but it should help you to get a better appreciation of the 'bigger' picture of TGFbeta signaling).
10. Explain how cell fate is determined by 4 main mechanisms: graded amounts of regulator molecules, temporal effects, position effects, mechanical signals.
9. TGF stand for transforming growth factor beta signalling pathway. This pathway play an important role in cell growth and differentiation along with development of many types of biological system. TGF signalling get activated when Ligand interact with receptor. This interaction bring the oligomerization of receptor having serine and threonine amino acid. The signalling is initiated also with phosphorylation of Smad2 and Smad3. Activated Smad
perform many biological function by interacting with transcription factor .
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