Question

Ms. Lavenia Smith, a 52-year-old single African-American female, comes in to see her family physician with complaints of increasing shortness of breath and a chronic productive cough. While being examined by her doctor, Ms. Smith states that she has smoked about

½ to 1 pack of cigarettes a day since she was a teenager. She states she was always worried about developing breast cancer and performed monthly breast exams on herself. On physical examination, wheezes are heard throughout her lung fields. The doctor orders a chest X-ray

and pulmonary function tests for Ms. Smith.

The pulmonary function tests show that Ms. Smith has significantly abnormal airflow, and her chest X-ray shows a pulmonary lesion. Because of these two significant findings, the doctor orders a bronchoscopy with aspiration of pulmonary secretions. It is determined that Ms. Smith has a primary bronchogenic lung cancer.

Ms. Smith and the physician agree on a surgical approach, followed by radiation therapy. The surgery will remove the bulk of the tumor, and the radiotherapy is expected to shrink the remaining tumor cells. They also could have opted to include chemotherapy in the treatment plan.

Unfortunately, Ms. Smith’s tumor was not discovered early, and her prognosis for a 5-year survival is poor. If the cancer had been detected early on a routine chest X-ray or physical exam, Ms. Smith’s prognosis might have been better. The current treatment will most likely improve her quality of life, but not her quantity of life. There is no proven cure for lung cancer at this time.

1. Adenocarcinoma develops from which type of cells?

a)ciliated and mucous cells

b)neuroendocrine cells

c)stem cells

d)glial cells

______ 2. Which statement is correct regarding metaplasia?

a)It refers to the replacement of one mature cell type to another

b)Cell changes are not reversible

c)It refers to the abnormal changes in size, shape and organization of mature cells

d)Cell numbers increase as a result of increased rate of cell division

______ 3. Based on Ms. Smith’s smoking history, the type of bronchogenic cancer she is most likely to have is

a)squamous cell

b)transitional cell

c)columnar cell

d)cuboidal cell

______ 4. Which type of lung cancer grows and metastasizes rapidly, giving it the worse prognosis of types of lung cancer?

a)small (oat) cell carcinoma

b)large cell (undifferentiated) carcinoma

c)adenocarcinoma

d)squamous cell carcinoma

______ 5. In addition to Ms. Smith’s smoking as a major risk factor for development of bronchogenic cancer, other risk factors include

a)genetic predisposition

b)high carbohydrate diet

c)vitamin E deficiency

d)morbid obesity

Answer 1

1. Adenocarcinoma is a type of cancer developed in mucous secreating cells and ciliating cells. Option A is correct.

2. Metaplasia is replacement of a mature cell into other and is reversible. When condition are changed then the transformation will reversed.

3. Squamous cells are affaced in cancer due to smoking. Option A is correct.

4. Small cell Carcinoma is the most aggressive lung cancer in which tumors rapidally metastasize. Option A is correct.

5. High carbohydrates diet increase the levels of insulin and which causes cancerous effect. Option B is correct.