Question

Archaella and bacterial flagella have important similarities and differences in structure and function. However, archaella also have important similarities and differences with the bacterial type IV pilus. Part C - The Evolution of Archaella Although the archaellum is distinct from the bacterial flagellum, researchers believe that it is an example of divergent evolution and related to the type IV pilus of bacteria. What are some similarities and differences between archaella and the bacterial type IV pilus?

Select all that apply.

Archaella are powered directly by ATP, but bacterial type IV pili are powered by a proton motive force.

Archaella are important for swimming motility, while type IV pili are important in twitching motility.

Archaella and type IV pili are both important in attachment to host tissues. Archaella have genetic similarities revealed by genomic studies.

Archaella and type IV pili both act by rotating.

Answer 1

Ans) Archaella are powered directly by ATP, but bacterial type IV pili are powered by a proton motive force.

Archaella are important for swimming motility, while type IV pili are important in twitching motility- Twitching motilitly is due to the proton motive force of the pili

Archaella and type IV pili are both important in attachment to host tissues.

Archaella have genetic similarities revealed by genomic studies.

Archaella and type IV pili both act by rotating - Since Archaella is a type of rotating-type IV pilus. Archaella rotates and this rotation enables its swimming motility.

The image shows the binding of archellum to the cell surface by PibD/FlaK, which is compared with that of type 4 pili.