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State whether enzymes are phosphorylated or dephosphorylated in the glycogen metabolism pathways on the binding of...

State whether enzymes are phosphorylated or dephosphorylated in the glycogen metabolism pathways on the binding of adrenaline to liver or muscle cell receptors and state how this affects their activity.

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Answer #1

Glycogen is the storage form of carbohydrates in mammals.In humans majority ofthe glycogen is stored in skeletal muscle(500g) and in liver(100g).Food is supplied in larger meals ,but the blood glucose concentration have to be kept within narrow llimits to survive and stay healthy.

The enzymes involved in the glycogen metabolism pathways on the binding of adrenalin to liver or muscle cell receptors are phosphorylated.Adrenaline stimulate glycogen breakdown via Beta-adrenergic receptors and phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase. Beta-adrenergic receptors activate adenyl cyclase via G proteins which results in cAMP accumulation and activation of PKA. PKA -Mediated phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase increases the phosphorylation of glycogen phosphorylase. Phosphorylated glycogen phosphorylase is active and catalyzes breakdown of glycogen into glucose1- phosphate.

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