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What must be cut out of mRNA in eukaryotes before translation can occur? What are two...

What must be cut out of mRNA in eukaryotes before translation can occur?

What are two modifications that eukaryotes make to mRNA that prokaryotes do not?

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Answer #1

When a eukaryotic mRNA is transcribed, it contains some extra non-protein coding sequences called as introns. These introns are removed by the process of splicing. The mRNA is then transported to cytoplasm where translation of the mRNA takes place.

The two modifications are 5' Capping and polyadenylation. The 5' cap consists of 7-metylguanosine residue joined through a 5'-5' triphosphate bridge. The cap protects the mRNA from degradation, helps in transport of the mRNA from nucleus to cytoplasm and binding of ribosome with mRNA. A poy A tail is added at the 3' end of the mRNA which helps in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus, affects the stability of mRNA and serves as a recognition signal for binding of translational factors during translation initiation.

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