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If the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is +30.5 kJ/mol, what is the minimum...

If the synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi is +30.5 kJ/mol, what is the minimum amount of energy needed from a reaction to drive ATP synthesis??

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Synthesis of ATP from ADP and Pi requires +30.5kJ/mol energy. This is a non-spontaneous, endothermic reaction and hence must be coupled to an exothermic, spontaneous process with free energy at least equal to that required to synthesized ATP or more than that. Hence, the minimum energy required to drive ATP synthesis from ADP and Pi of concentration 1M is 30.5kJ/mol. However, because the actual physiological concentrations of ATP, ADP, and Pi are not 1 M, the free energy required to synthesize ATP under physiological conditions is different from that of standard condition.

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