Question

Each of the following will enhance and promote phagocytosis, except A) deposition of complement fragments on bacterial cells. B) tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and other cytokines. C) interaction of TLRs and PAMPs. D) deposition of interferon on bacterial cells.

Answer 1

ANSWER IS:

D) deposition of interferon on bacterial cells.

EXPLANATION:

A) The complement system activated in immuno-
logic effector mechanisms and host defense.
Complement promote phagocytosis by opsonization process that involve deposition of complement fragments onto the surface of foreign cells.

B) Inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) enhance the phagocytic activity of the cells and increase stickiness.

C) Interaction of TLRs and PAMPs determine the specific nature of a pathogen, and they are ideal for phagocytosis to inflammation.