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1. Which vertebrates have air sacs attached to their lungs that make their lungs more effieicent?...

1. Which vertebrates have air sacs attached to their lungs that make their lungs more effieicent?

2. What organs, present in all vertebrates, produce urine and maintain the proper balance of fluids and salts in the blood?

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Answer #1

Answer 1. Birds and higher vertebrates possess air-sacs to increase their respiratory efficiency. In human beings, these air-sacs are known as the alveoli. These are having curved membrane just to increase the volume of air inside them. There are about 600 million alveoli in each lung of human being. They are richly supplied with blood and helps in transferring oxygen to the blood, that travels down the body causing tissue respiration.

Answer 2. Kidneys are the excretory organs of the vertebrates. The functional unit of the kidney is the nephron. It is differentiated into the Bowman's capsule, proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle's, distal convoluted tubule Nd collecting tubule. These different parts of the nephron work in co-ordination to produce urine and maintain the proper balance of fluids and salts in the blood.

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