Question

Molecular Biology and Biochemistry

1. Which of the following enzymatic reaction requires ATP?

1. Conversion of malate to pyruvate by malic enzyme
2. β-oxidation in mitochondrion matrix
3. Conversion of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to 1,3-bisphosphoglyceraldehyde
4. Conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate
5. Synthesis of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA

2. Paracrine signaling is characterized by ligands that are __________.

1. produced by the cell itself
2. secreted by neighboring cells
3. secreted by distant cells
4. able to increase the membrane potential
5. neurotransmitter from a neuron to the target cell

3. The Shine Dalgarno sequence is ____________.

1. located in the 50S subunit of ribosome.
2. located on the 16S rRNA component of the 30S subunit of ribosome.
3. a sequence upstream of the AUG initiation codon on mRNA.
4. a DNA consensus sequence in the promoter region of a gene.
5. a signal for transcription termination.

Explanation is not necessary, the sooner the better. Thank you.

Answer 1

Answere :

Question 1 : Option (E) is correct i.e. Synthesis of malonyl CoA from acetyl CoA

​​​​​In fatty-acid metabolism, malonyl-CoA is formed in the cytoplasm from acetyl-CoA using the enzyme acetyl-CoA carboxylase and requires ATP.

Question 2 : Option (B) is correct i.e. secreted by neighboring cells.

Paracrine Signaling is characterized by ligands that are secreted by the neighboring cells.

Question 3 : Option (C) is correct i.e. a sequence upstream of the AUG initiation codon on mRNA.

The Shine Dalgarno sequence is a sequence upstream of the AUG initiation codon on mRNA. It is found in near start codon in prokaryotes. It helps to start translation by binding the mRNA to the ribosome.