Question

1)To lower the energy barrier in a reaction, enzymes change the path of the reaction between the reactants and products by doing what?

A.

Destabilizing the transition state by increasing the free energy to be used and lowering the activation energy

B.

Releasing carbonic acid into the environment to stabilize the transition state and lowering the activation energy

C.

Reduce the activation energy by stabilizing the transition state and decreasing its free energy

D.Supply heat to stabilize the reactants and lower the activation energy

2)

The [1] of an enzyme is the portion of the enzyme that binds a substrate and converts it to a product

3)

All chemical reactions require an input of energy to proceed known as the [1] to reach the transition state

QUESTION 4

1. [1] are catalysts that increase the rate of chemical reactions without being consumed themselves, and are usually composed of proteins.

QUESTION 5

1. Organisms that capture energy from sunlight are called what?

   	A.	Chemotrophs
   	B.	Sunotrophs
   	C.	Phototrophs
   	D.	Heterotrophs

QUESTION 6

1. Enzymes can react with any substrate to form any product.

   True

   False

QUESTION 7

1. Reactions that release energy and proceed spontaneously, such as cellular respiration, are called , and reactions that require an input of energy and are not spontaneous, such as photosynthesis, are called

QUESTION 8

1. The chemical reactions that convert molecules into other molecules and transfer energy in living organisms is called what?

   	A.	Catabolism
   	B.	Anabolism
   	C.	Energy converters
   	D.	Metabolism

QUESTION 9

1. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) hydrolysis is an exergonic reaction that releases free energy.

   True

   False

QUESTION 10

1. Organisms have two ways of harvesting energy from the environment: They can obtain energy from either the  or from .

QUESTION 11

1. is the energy of motion (released energy) and is always accompanied by  since most energy release is lost in the form of heat, and , which is the stored energy an object has due to its location and structure

QUESTION 12

1. The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be created or destroyed, but it cannot be converted from one form to another.

   True

   False

QUESTION 13

1. The farther away an electron is from the nucleus, the more potential energy it has. When electrons move closer to the nucleus, some of this potential energy is converted to other types of energy such as heat or light energy.

   True

   False

QUESTION 14

1. [1] occurs when a spontaneous reaction drives a non spontaneous one. For example, the hydrolysis of ATP can be used to drive the chemical reaction of converting carbon dioxide and water into a molecule of glucose (sugar).

QUESTION 15

1. Heat energy is very chaotic, and is therefore, hard to capture in a biological system. Thus, every time energy is converted, the [1], or amount of disorder within a system, increases.

QUESTION 16

1. [1] serves as a "go-between," acting as an intermediary between fuel molecules that store a large amount of potential energy in their bonds and the activities of the cell that require an input of energy.

QUESTION 17

1. Organisms that are able to convert carbon dioxide into glucose are self feeders and are known as . Organisms that obtain their carbon from organic molecules synthesized by other organisms are other feeders and are known as .

QUESTION 18

1. The brief time in a chemical reaction in which chemical bonds in the reactants are broken and new bonds in the product are formed is known as what?

   	A.	Activation energy
   	B.	Potential energy
   	C.	Gibbs state
   	D.	Transition state

QUESTION 19

1. [1] enzymes bind to activators and inhibitors at sites that are different from the active site, resulting in a change in the shape and activity of the enzyme. These enzymes are one way that the cell coordinates the activity of multiple metabolic pathways.

QUESTION 20

1. is the set of chemical reactions that break down molecules into smaller units, and in the process, produce ATP.   is the set of chemical reactions that build molecules from smaller units and require an input of energy, usually in the form of ATP.

QUESTION 21

1. The activity of enzymes can be influenced by , which decrease the activity of enzymes, and , which increase the activity of enzymes.

QUESTION 22

1. Which of the following are fuel molecules that are rich sources of chemical energy?

   	A.	Oxygen
   	B.	Adenosine triphosphate
   	C.	Lipids
   	D.	Proteins
   	E.	Carbohydrates
   	F.	Carbon dioxide
   	G.	Water

QUESTION 23

1. Organisms that derive their energy directly from organic molecules are called what?

   	A.	Chemotrophs
   	B.	Phototrophs
   	C.	Organotrophs
   	D.	Autotrophs

Answer 1

Please find the answers below:

Answer 1: Choice C (The lower is the activation energy for an enzyme catalyzed reaction, more easily is the biological catalysis performed using an enzyme. Thus, all enzymes tend to decrease the activation energy to catalyze a reaction)

Answer 2: Active site, activation energy (active site represents the main catalytic site at which the substrate binds and undergoes catalysis. Further, activation energy is the minimum energy required for initiating a biological catalysis using an enzyme)

Answer 4: Enzymes (all enzymes are biologically protein in nature and are known as biological catalysts which alter the rate of reaction without getting consumed in it)

Answer 5: Choice C (Phototrophs are those plants which require energy from the sunlight in the form of photons to perform all biological functions such as carbon fixation)