Question

1.Which of the following is a primary function of the distal convoluted tubule?

a.conduction of urine to the minor calices

b.reabsorption of vital nutrients from the tubular fluid

c.	filtration of plasma to initiate urine formation

d.active secretion of ions, acids, drugs, and toxins

2.The primary function of the proximal convoluted tubule is

a.secretion of acids, ammonia, and drugs.

b.absorption of ions, organic molecules, vitamins, and water.

c.adjustment of urine volume in response to ADH and aldosterone.

d.filtration of anything small enough to pass through the filtration membrane.

e.actively pumping sodium ions and chloride ions out of the filtrate.

3.Filtration is the process in which

a.useful organic molecules, nutrients, or water are reclaimed.

b.	a further decrease of the plasma concentration of undesirable materials can occur.

c.movement of fluid from the peritubular fluid to the tubular fluid occurs.

d.fluid and dissolved solutes are forced out of the glomerular capillaries.

e.

release of aldosterone and ADH is triggered.

4.When the level of ADH (antidiuretic hormone) increases,

a.more concentrated urine is produced.

b.	less water is reabsorbed by the nephron and collecting duct.

c	the sensation of thirst is inhibited.

d	the water content of urine increases.

e.the rate of sodium ion reabsorption in the DCT decreases.

5.By inhibiting ADH secretion, alcohol essentially causes

a.excessive excretion of hydrogen ions.

b.	increase in total body water content.

c.	dehydration.

d.metabolic acidosis.

6.he kidneys can compensate for a drop in blood pH by

a.	reabsorbing H+ and secreting HCO3–.

b.	secreting both H+ and HCO3–.

c.	secreting H+ and reabsorbing HCO3–.

d.reabsorbing both H+ and HCO3–.

7.A reduction in blood flow and a decline in glomerular filtration pressure trigger which of the following?

a.	dilation of the efferent arteriole and constriction of the glomerular capillaries

b.dilation of the efferent arteriole and glomerular capillaries

c	constriction of the efferent arteriole

d. constriction of the glomerular capillaries and efferent arteriole

determines the final osmotic concentration and volume of the urine

Select all of the following structures would be found in the cortex of the kidney:_____

Major calyx

Renal pelvis

Interlobular vein

Glomerulus

Answer 1

Answer 1. Option d

Distal convulated tubule occurs just after the Loop of Henle's. It is basically concerned with secretion than reabsorption.

Answer 2. Option b

Proximal Convulated Tubule occurs just after the renal capsule in the nephron and it plays more role in reabsorption than the secretion.

Answer 3. Option a

Kidneys possess the functional units, nephrons. Their Bowman's capsule are meant for it.

Answer 4. Option a

ADH or vasopressin is basically responsible for conserving water in the body. More vasopressin means more absorption of water means more water retained by the body.

Answer 5. Option a

Alcohol suppresses the vasopressin, thus no absorption of water, no conservation of water by nephron means more diluted urine will be passed, diuresis occurs.