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Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220...

Under standard conditions, NADH reoxidation by the electron-transport chain has a free-energy change equal to –220 kJ/mol. With 100% efficiency, how many ATP could be synthesized under standard conditions? What is the “actual” efficiency given these numbers?

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Answer #1

As protons flow through the F? portion following their gradient, chemiosmotic coupling allows the chemical energy of the gradient to be harnessed as a means of phosphorylating ADP --> ATP in the F? portion

Conformation coupling suggests that this relationship is more indirect, instead the result of a conformational change caused by the gradient that allows for the formation of ATP

When the proton-motive force is dissipated through the F? portion, the free energy change ?G° = -220 kj/mol

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